s PostScript command summary

PostScript command summary

Stack manipulation

exch

num1 num2 exch

num2 num1

pop

any pop

copy

any[0] ... any[n-1] n copy

any[0] ... any[n-1] any[0] ... any[n-1]

copy has array, sequence, dictionary, string forms

dup

any dup

any any

index

any[n] ... any[0] n index

any[n] ... any[0] any[n]

roll

any[n-1] ... any[0] n j roll

any[j-1 mod n] ... any[j mod n]

rolls to right (left if j negative)

clear

* any[1] ... any[n] clear

* means stack bottom

count

* any[1] ... any[n] count

* any[1] ... any[n] n

* means stack bottom

mark

- mark

mark

cleartomark

mark obj[1] ... obj[n] cleartomark

countomark

mark obj[1] ... obj[n] countomark

mark obj[1] ... obj[n] n

Arithmetic

add

num1 num2 add

num1 + num2

div

num1 num2 div

num1/num2

sub

num1 num2 sub

num1 - num2

idiv

int1 int2 idiv

(int) int1/int2

mul

num1 num2 mul

num1*num2

mod

int1 int2 mod

int1 mod int2

abs

num abs

abs(num)

neg

num neg

-num

ceiling

num1 ceiling

num2

floor

num1 floor

num2

returns the greatest integer value less than or equal to num1: 3.2 -> 3.0; -4.8 -> -5.0

round

num round

num

rounds to nearest integer

truncate

num truncate

num - fractional part

sqrt

num sqrt

sqrt(num)

atan

num den atan

arctan(num/den)

degrees

cos

deg cos

cos(deg)

degrees

sin

deg sin

sin(deg)

degrees

exp

base num exp

base^{num}

num ln

log_{e} num

log

num log

log_{10} num

rand

- rand

int

srand

int srand

sets random number seed

rrand

- rrand

int

returns random number seed

Arrays

array

int array

array (of length int)

recall that an array is a pointer-plus-structure,

[

- [

mark

]

mark obj[0] ... obj[n-1] ]

array

array of these objects

length

array length

int

get

array index get

array[index]

put

array index any put

stores any as array[index]

getinterval

array index count getinterval

subarray

the subarray is array[index] ... array[index+count-1]

putinterval

array1 index array2 putinterval

replaces array1 with aray2 starting with [index]

aload

array aload

a[0] ... a[n-1] array

pushes the array onto the stack

astore

a[0] ... a[n-1] array astore

array

stores the elements into the array all in one shot

copy

array1 array2 copy

subarray2

copies array1 to initial subarray of array2

forall

array proc forall

executes proc for each element of array

dict

int dict

dict

creates dictionary of capacity int

length

dict length

int

returns number of key-value pairs in the dictionary

maxlength

dict maxlength

int

capactity of dict

begin

dict begin

push dict on dict stack

end

- end

pops dict stack

def

key value def

associates key & value in current dict

load

key load

value

searches dict stack for key and returns value

store

key value store

replaces topmost definition of key

get

dict key get

any

returns value in dict associated to key

put

dict key value put

associates key value into dict

known

dict key known

bool

tests whether key is in dict

where

key where

dict true OR false

finds dict in which key is defined

copy

dict1 dict2 copy

dict2

copies contents of dict1 to dict2

forall

dict proc forall

executes proc for each element of dict

errordict

- errordict

dict

push errordict on operand stack

systemdict

- systemdict

dict

push systemdict on operand stack

userdict

- userdict

dict

push userdict on operand stack

currentdict

- currentdict

dict

push currentdict on operand stack

countdictstack

- countdictstack

int

counts elements on dictstack

dictstack

array dictstack

subarray

copy dictstack into array

Strings

string

int string

string

creates string of length int

length

string length

int

returns length of string

get

string index get

int

returns string[index]

put

string index int put

assigns string[index] = int

getinterval

string index count getinterval

substring

returns {string[index] .. string[index + count - 1]}

putinterval

string1 index string2 putinterval

replaces string1[index] ... by string2

copy

string1 string2 copy

substring2

copies string1 to initial substring of string2

forall

string proc forall

executes proc for each element of string

anchorsearch

string seek anchorsearch

post match true OR string false

determines if seek is initial substring of string

search

string seek search

post match true OR string false

determines if seek is substring of string

token

string token

post token true OR false

read token from start of string

Bit and Boolean operations

any1 any2 eq

bool

tests equal

any1 any2 ne

bool

tests not equal

num1|string1 num2|string2 ge

bool

tests greater than or equal

num1|string1 num2|string2 gt

bool

num1|string1 num2|string2 le

bool

num1|string1 num2|string2 lt

bool

and

bool1|int1 bool2|int2 and

bool|int

logical|bitwise and

not

bool|int not

bool|int

bool1|int1 bool2|int2 or

bool|int

xor

bool1|int1 bool2|int2 xor

bool|int

true

- true

true

false

- false

false

bitshift

int1 shift bitshift

int2

positive is left

Flow control

exec

any exec

executes arbitrary object

bool proc if

ifelse

bool proc1 proc2 ifelse

for

j k l proc for

for i= j to l step k do proc

repeat

n proc repeat

does proc n times

loop

proc loop

do proc forever (include exit)

exit

- exit

exits innermost loop

stop

- stop

terminates stopped context (?)

stopped

any stopped

bool

establish context for catching stop

countexecstack

- countexecstack

int

count elements on execution stack

execstack

array execstack

subarray

copy execstack into array

quit

- quit

terminate interpreter

start

- start

executed automatically at interpreter startup

Types and conversions

type

any type

name

cvlit

any cvlit

any

makes object literal

cvx

any cvx

any

makes object executable

xcheck

any xcheck

bool

tests executable attributable

executeonly

noaccess

readonly

rcheck

wcheck

cvi

num/string cvi

int

converts to integer

cvn

string cvn

name

converts to name

cvr

num/string cvr

real

converts to real

cvrs

num radix string cvrs

substring

cvs

ob string cvs

substring

converts to string

Files

file

string1 string2 file

file

opens file string1 with access string2

closefile

file closefile

read

file read

int true OR false

reads one character from file

write

file int write

readhexstring

file string readhexstring

substring bool

reads hex from file into string

writehexstring

file string writehexstring

writes characters of string to file as hex

readstring

file string readstring

substring bool

reads from file into string

writestring

file string writestring

writes characters of string to file

readline

file string readline

substring bool

reads line from file into string

token

file token

token true OR false

reads token from file

bytesavailable

file bytesavailable

int

number of bytes available to read

flush

- flush

sends buffered data to standard output

flushfile

file flushfile

sends buffered data to file

resetfile

file resetfile

discard buffered characters

status

file status

bool

returns status of file

run

string run

executes contents of named file

currentfile

- currentfile

file

print

string print

writes characters of string to standard output

any =

writes text representation of any to stdout

stack

* any[1] ... any[n] stack

* any[1] ... any[n]

prints stack non-destructively

any ==

destructive display of top of stack

pstack

* obj[1] ... obj[n] pstack

* obj[1] ... obj[n]

non-destructive display of whole stack

prompt

- prompt

executed when ready for interactive input

echo

bool echo

turns on/off echoing

save

- save

save

create VM snapshot

restore

save restore

restore VM snapshot

vmstatus

- vmstatus

level used maximum

report VM status

Miscellaneous

bind

null

usertime

version

Graphics

gsave

- gsave

saves graphics state

grestore

- grestore

restores graphics state

grestoreall

- grestoreall

restore to bottommost graphics state

initgraphics

- initgraphics

reset graphics state parameters

setlinewidth

num setlinewidth

sets line width

currentlinewidth

- currentlinewidth

num

returns current line width

setlinecap

int setlinecap

sets shape of line ends (0=butt,1=round,2=square)

currentlinecap

- currentlinecap

int

setlinejoin

int setlinejoin

sets shape of corners for stroke (0=miter,1=round,2=bevel)

currentlinejoin

- currentlinejoin

int

setmiterlimit

num setmiterlimit

sets miter length limit

currentmiterlimit

- currentmiterlimit

num

setdash

array offset setdash

sets dash pattern for stroking

currentdash

- currentdash

array offset

setflat

num setflat

sets flatness tolerance

currentflat

- currentflat

num

setgray

num setgray

sets gray level for fill: 1.0 = white

currentgray

- currentgray

num

sethsbcolor

hue sat brt sethsbcolor

sets color given hue, saturation, brightness

currenthsbcolor

- currenthsbcolor

hue sat brt

setrgbcolor

red green blue setrgbcolor

sets color given red, green, blue

currentrgbcolor

- currentrgbcolor

red green blue

setscreen

freq angle proc setscreen

sets halftone screen

currentscreen

- currentscreen

freq angle proc

settransfer

proc settransfer

sets gray transfer function

currenttransfer

- currenttransfer

proc

Matrices

matrix

- matrix

matrix

creates identity matrix

initmatrix

- initmatrix

sets CTM to device default

identmatrix

matrix identmatrix

matrix

sets to identity

defaultmatrix

matrix defaultmatrix

matrix

fills matrix with device default matrix

currentmatrix

matrix currentmatrix

matrix

fills matrix with current CTM

setmatrix

matrix setmatrix

replace CTM by matrix

translate

tx ty translate

translates origin

translate

tx ty matrix translate

matrix

defines translation by (tx, ty)

scale

sx sy scale

scales user space

scale

sx sy matrix scale

matrix

defines scaqling by (sx, sy)

rotate

angle rotate

rotates user space

rotate

angle matrix rotate

matrix

define rotation by angle degrees

concat

matrix concat

CTM = matrix*CTM

concatmatrix

matrix1 matrix2 matrix3 concatmatrix

matrix3

matrix3 = matrix1*matrix2

transform

x y transform

x' y'

CTM*(x, y) - row or column vectors?

transform

x y matrix transform

x' y'

matrix*(x, y)

dtransform

dx dy dtransform

dx' dy'

dtransform

dx dy matrix dtransform

dx' dy'

itransform

x y itransform

x' y'

inverse transform by CTM

itransform

x y matrix itransform

x' y'

inverse transform

idtransform

dx dy idtransform

dx' dy'

idtransform

dx dy matrix idtransform

dx' dy'

invertmatrix

matrix1 matrix2 invertmatrix

matrix2

matrix2 = inverse of matrix1

Paths

newpath

- newpath

clears current path

currentpoint

- currentpoint

x y

returns current point

moveto

x y moveto

absolute move: changes current point

rmoveto

x y rmoveto

relative move: changes current point

lineto

x y lineto

puts line from current point to (x, y)

rlineto

x y rlineto

line from current point to current point + (x, y)

arc

centerx centery radius angle1 angle2 arc

counter-clockwise

arcn

centerx centery radius angle1 angle2 arcn

clockwise

arcto

curveto

rcurveto

closepath

- closepath

closes the current path with a straight line to the last moveto location

flattenpath

reversepath

strokepath

charpath

string bool charpath

add character outlines of string to current path

clippath

- clippath

set current path to clipping path

pathbbox

- pathbbox

llx lly urx ury

returns bounding box of current path

pathforall

move line curve close pathforall

enumerate current path

initclip

- initclip

set clip path to device default

clip

- clip

sets new clipping path

eoclip

- eoclip

clip using even-odd rule

erasepage

- erasepage

sets current page white

fill

- fill

fills current path with current color

eofill

- eofill

fill using even-odd rule

stroke

- stroke

paints the current path with the current color and line width

image

width height bits/sample matrix proc image

render sampled image onto current page

imagemask

width height invert matrix proc imagemask

renders mask onto current page

Set up

showpage

- showpage

transfers current page to output device

copypage

banddevice

framedevice

nulldevice

renderbands

Fonts

definefont

findfont

key findfont

fontdict

pushes the font dictionary on the stack; error handling unpredictable

scalefont

fontdict int scalefont

fontdict

scales the font from 1 to n

makefont

setfont

fontdict setfont

sets current font

currentfont

- currentfont

fontdict

show

string show

prints string at current location in current font

ashow

widthshow

awidthshow

kshow

proc string kshow

execute proc between showing characters in string

stringwidth

string stringwidth

intx inty

returns location if string were printed

FontDirectory

StandardEncoding

Font caches

cachestatus

setcachedevice

setcharwidth

setcachelimit

Errors

dictfull

dictstackoverflow

dictstackunderflow

execstackoverflow

handleerror

interrupt

invalidaccess

invalidexit

invalidfileaccess

invalidfont

invalidrestore

ioerror

limitcheck

nocurrentpoint

rangecheck

stackoverflow

stackunderflow

syntaxerror

timeout

typecheck

undefined

undefinedfilename

undefinedresult

unmatchedmark

unregistered

VMerror