Important warning (October 2025): we recently learned that the main definition of Gekeler ratio is incorrect. There is a conceptual error in the paper. There is, however, an easy fix. Erratum and corrections will appear soon. In the meanwhile, if you are planning to use any part of this paper, please email me for corrections and clarification.
Important warning (October 2025): we recently learned that there is a small conceptual error in the paper, in addition to all the corrections discussed in Section 7 of the sequel . None of the main results are affected, and a corrected version will be posted to the ArXiv soon. In the meanwhile, if you are planning to use any part of this paper, please email me for corrections and clarification.