Zelai Xu & James J. Feng
J. Rheol. 69, 1067-1085 (2025)
Abstract - Yielding is observed for a wide range of soft materials. For attractive colloidal gels, recent experiments and Brownian dynamics simulations have revealed intriguing features, including delayed yielding and degelation, characterized by distinct temporal evolutions of the strain and strain rate in creep tests. The objective of this work is to encapsulate such features in a compact continuum-level rheological model suitable for flow simulations. The model has three core components: (i) a degelation criterion that reflects a sharp sol-gel transition; (ii) a structural parameter that represents the degree of bonding in the gel, whose evolution is dictated by bond breakage under deformation and formation of new bonds; (iii) a dynamically evolving elastic strain that represents the state of elastic stress and energy in the gel. Applied to simple shear flows under a constant stress (creep), startup of simple shear and pressure-driven Poiseuille flow in a circular tube, the model predicts three regimes with increasing stress: non-yielding, yielding and degelation. The distinction between the latter two regimes is that yielding marks the emergence of flow, whereas degelation is the total loss of microstructures in a gel-to-sol transition. The transition between neighboring regimes exhibits hysteresis, and shear-banding occurs at a uniquely selected stress when diffusion is allowed across the boundary between the bands. The model captures the key rheological features of attractive colloidal gels, and shows qualitative and in certain cases quantitative agreement with experiments.