Abstract | A systems biology approach is required to make a step change in understanding how cells function, whereby state-of-the-art experimental methods are combined with novel modelling and theoretical analysis. Such scientific progress is currently being undertaken using the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway as a model system. This important transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. Real-time fluorescence imaging of single cells and mathematical modelling have shown that the activity of the NF-κB system can be oscillatory (1). Furthermore, deterministic and stochastic mathematical models predicted how negative feedback loops regulate both the resetting of the system and cellular heterogeneity (2). We demonstrate that integrated interdisciplinary research results in significant jumps in scientific understanding, and improved training opportunities for early career scientists. 1. D. E. Nelson et al., Science 306, 704 (2004). 2. L. Ashall et al., Science 324, 242 (2009). |